is politically, these intermittent voters often determine the outcome of elections and how the balance of support for the two major political parties swings between elections. While sizable shares of the public vote either consistently or not at all, many people vote intermittently. Even the 2022 election’s turnout, with a slightly lower rate of 46%, exceeded that of all midterm elections since 1970. The 2018 election (49% turnout) had the highest rate for a midterm since 1914. About two-thirds (66%) of the voting-eligible population turned out for the 2020 presidential election – the highest rate for any national election since 1900. elections of their respective types in decades. The elections of 2018, 20 were three of the highest-turnout U.S. Federal law requires states to maintain electronic voter files, and businesses assemble these files to create a nationwide list of adults along with their voter information. Voter files do not say who a voter cast a ballot for. Voter file: A list of adults that includes information such as whether a person is registered to vote, which elections they have voted in, whether they voted in person or by mail, and additional data. Validated voters/Verified voter: Citizens who told us in a post-election survey that they voted in the 2022 general elections and have a record for voting in a commercial voter file. Turnout: Refers to “turning out” to vote, or simply “voting.” Also used to refer to the share of eligible adults who voted in a given election (e.g., “The turnout in 2020 among the voting eligible population in the U.S. People who vote only for candidates of the same party are “straight-ticket” voters, while those who vote for candidates of different parties are “split-ticket” voters. Split-ticket voting/Straight-ticket voting: Voters typically cast ballots for more than one office in a general election. Our study categorizes adults as Democrats or Republicans using their self-reported party identification in a survey. Party affiliation/Party identification: Psychological attachment to a particular political party, either thinking of oneself as a member of the party or expressing greater closeness to one party than another. Panel surveys make it possible to observe how individuals change over time because the answers they give to questions in a current survey can be compared with their answers from a previous survey. Panel survey: A type of survey that relies on a group of people who have agreed to participate in multiple surveys over a time period. Nonvoter: Citizens who didn’t have a record of voting in any voter file or told us they didn’t vote. Mobilize: Efforts by candidates, political campaigns and other organizations to encourage or facilitate eligible citizens to turn out to vote. Senate seats (senators serve six-year terms). House seats are up for election every two years, as are a third of U.S. Midterm elections: General elections held in all states and the District of Columbia in the even-numbered years between presidential elections. It can also apply to any set of elections. The term commonly refers to people who vote in a presidential election but not in the next midterm. Also referred to as “vote switching.”ĭrop off/Drop-off voters: People who vote in a given election but not in a subsequent election. Some panelists have been participating in surveys since 2014.ĭefectors/Defection: People who either switch their vote to a different party’s candidate from one election to the next, or those who in a given election do not support the candidate of the party they usually support. American Trends Panel: Pew Research Center’s online probability survey panel, which consists of more than 12,000 adults who take two to three surveys each month.
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